IMPROVING HUMAN DEVELOPMENT: A LONG‐RUN VIEW

Abstract The pessimistic flavour of the Human Development Reports appears to be in contradiction with their own numbers as developing countries fare comparatively better in human development than in per capita GDP terms. This paper attempts to bridge this gap by providing a new, ‘improved’ human development index (IHDI), informed by welfare economics. The IHDI is presented here alongside the United Nations Development Programme's (UNDP) HDI for the world and its main regions since the late 19th century. Social dimensions in the IHDI are derived, following Kakwani (Journal of Development Economics 41 (1993), pp. 307–336), with a convex achievement function, whereas a geometric average is employed to combine its dimensions (longevity, knowledge and income). Thus, the IHDI does not conceal the gap between rich and poor countries and casts a much less optimistic view than the conventional UNDP index, while it fits with the UNDP concern for international differences. The paper's findings highlight main weaknesses in human development dimensions of present‐day developing countries.     

Transition to market economics: Employment and informal activity in rural areas

According to the neo-liberal model, the high levels of unemployment and collapsing real wages of transition will reallocate labor to new activities. But whether and how households actually reallocate labor is the subject of growing debate. We use survey data from Bulgaria to develop a typology of rural households based on their labor allocation characteristics. We find a diversity of outcomes. A significant share of households experience no change in labor allocation, some shift labor to own commercial enterprises, but a significant minority are displaced from the emerging market economy. Potential for informal activity among these households appears limited. Of great concern is the regional concentration of such households.     

The weak human and the saving grace of the welfare state: German pupils’ perception of future social change and drivers of change

Social change has often been seen as a desired goal of critical pedagogy. Interestingly; there is little research about how pupils in Germany perceive the concept of social change and what drives social change. This article presents the outcome of a three year long research project that aimed to analyse how a sample of German pupils makes sense of social change and what forces drive social change in society through future narratives (written assignments and interviews). The study finds that pupils have an implicit and explicit understanding of politics and the state as a driving force, but that this is challenged by external drivers such as the global economy/technology and internal drivers such as human self-interest/egoism and insecurity/fear. In this study, the pupils often describe the present economy as being organised and the future economy to become more and more disorganised. Using future narratives in critical pedagogy can be a way to work more closely with the students and their perceptions of social change and drivers of change.     

试论高等教育的麦当劳化

麦当劳文化席卷全球,麦当劳企业机制日益渗透于社会的组织机制中。本文分析了高等教育大众化过程中的麦当劳化表征,包括它的含义及影响,对现代社会带来的进步意义,分析各种消极意义,进一步探讨了高等教育麦当劳化的负面影响,希望能引起高校工作者的警惕。避免它给我国高校工作带来这样或那样的麻烦,为广大学生的成长开辟一条健康的成长道路。     

Antecedents and consequences of knowledge sharing in international tourist hotels

The purpose of this empirical study is to investigate factors which influence knowledge sharing, organizational learning and effectiveness. Of self-completed questionnaires collected from international tourist hotels in Taiwan, 615 were usable for data analysis. The structural equation modeling results showed that leaders played the roles of mentor, facilitator and innovator, and nurtured a supportive environment at the levels of workgroup, immediate superior and organization. In addition, employees had a positive attitude towards learning and to sharing. All of these contributions facilitate transformation of collective individual knowledge to organizational knowledge, resulting in the advancement of organizational learning, and thus, greater organizational effectiveness.     

Understanding the leadership perceptions of staff in China's hotel industry: Integrating the macro- and micro-aspects of leadership contexts

The objective of this paper is to understand the leadership perceptions of staff in China's hotel industry. This study integrates the macro- and micro-aspects of leadership contexts by identifying the contextual variables that affect leadership perceptions. In leadership research, industry setting, the hierarchical levels of an organization, and national culture are recognized as the contextual constraints that affect leadership perceptions, and these constraints were used in this empirical study. Four factors emerged from the factor analysis of a survey study: professionalism; integrity; masculinity or yang; and femininity or yin. A key finding indicates that both the industry setting and the hierarchical levels of an organization affect professionalism. Implications for the training and development of future international hospitality leaders and local staff are considered.     

网络环境下青少年心理健康教育研究

网络的推广与普及给青少年的身心带来了巨大的影响,它在拓宽青少年认知结构空间、促进其情绪宣泄和培养青少年多元价值观的同时,也容易导致青少年认知能力迷失、人际关系淡漠、生活意志丧失、抑郁、焦虑、敌对等一系列的心理问题。而我国当前在青少年网络心理问题的治疗过程中,存在着禁止青少年上网、只进行德育训诫、重治轻防和治疗人员专业水平较低等问题。提高青少年心理健康教育的效果,应建立家庭、学校和社会三位一体的教育和预防机制,开展网络心理教育,注重法制教育、德育教育与心理教育的有机结合并提高青少年网络心理疾病治疗人员的专业化水平。     

浅议教育管理思想的现代化

文章从立足本土和面向世界,继承与创新、理论研究与实践探索三个方面,辩证地分析了教育管理思想发展的轨迹和规律,使之成为教育实践理性发展的指导。     

基于测评的EMBA领导力开发的探索和实践——以上海财经大学为例

针对EMBA领导力开发过程中的热点问题，以上海财经大学EMBA领导力开发项目创新教育实践为例，探索以测评为基础，以战略性思维和人才管理能力为培养重点的领导力开发教育模式，努力形成EMBA教育中领导力开发的创新机制。     

示范性双语案例式互动教学模式研究——以《组织行为学》为例的理论框架与验证设计

双语教学是我国高等教育与国际接轨的必然趋势,也是当前高等教学改革的热点和重点之一。目前,我国有许多高校已开展全英语教学实践,进行了有益的探索,在取得一定经验的同时,也存在各种问题。本研究按照知识体系特点,根据Michael H.Long等西方学者的互动假说,对本科《组织行为学》示范性双语案例式互动教学模式,在理论设计、教学实践以及效果测试等方面进行了探讨和研究,并提出相关建议。